802.11a/b/g/n/ac Uphuhliso kunye noMahluko
Ukususela ekukhutshweni kokuqala kwe-Wi-Fi kubathengi ngo-1997, umgangatho we-Wi Fi ubusoloko uvela, ngokuqhelekileyo ukwandisa isantya kunye nokwandisa ukugubungela.Njengoko imisebenzi yongezwa kumgangatho wokuqala we-IEEE 802.11, yahlaziywa ngezilungiso zayo (802.11b, 802.11g, njl.)
802.11b 2.4GHz
I-802.11b isebenzisa i-2.4 GHz frequency efanayo njengomgangatho wokuqala we-802.11.Ixhasa isantya esiphezulu sethiyori ye-11 Mbps kunye noluhlu oluya kuthi ga kwi-150 yeenyawo.Amacandelo e-802.11b aphantsi, kodwa lo mgangatho unesona santya siphezulu kwaye sicothayo phakathi kwayo yonke imigangatho ye-802.11.Kwaye ngenxa ye-802.11b esebenza kwi-2.4 GHz, izixhobo zasekhaya okanye ezinye iinethiwekhi ze-2.4 GHz Wi Fi zinokubangela ukuphazamiseka.
802.11a 5GHz OFDM
Inguqulo ehlaziyiweyo "a" yalo mgangatho ikhutshwa ngaxeshanye kunye ne-802.11b.Yazisa ubuchwephesha obuntsonkothileyo obubizwa ngokuba yi-OFDM (i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) ukuze kuveliswe imiqondiso engenazingcingo.I-802.11a ibonelela ngezinto eziluncedo ngaphezulu kwe-802.11b: isebenza kwibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-5 GHz enabantu abaninzi kwaye ke ngoko ayichaphazeleki lula.Kwaye i-bandwidth yayo iphezulu kakhulu kune-802.11b, kunye nobuninzi bethiyori ye-54 Mbps.
Usenokuba awudibananga nezixhobo ezininzi ze-802.11a okanye iirotha.Oku kungenxa yokuba izixhobo ze-802.11b zinexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ziya zithandwa kakhulu kwimarike yabathengi.I-802.11a isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizicelo zoshishino.
802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM
Umgangatho we-802.11g usebenzisa iteknoloji ye-OFDM efanayo ne-802.11a.Njengo-802.11a, ixhasa izinga eliphezulu lethiyori ye-54 Mbps.Nangona kunjalo, njenge-802.11b, isebenza kwiifrikhwensi ze-2.4 GHz ezixineneyo (kwaye ke inengxaki yokuphazamiseka okufanayo njenge-802.11b).I-802.11g ibuyela ngasemva iyahambelana nezixhobo ze-802.11b: izixhobo ze-802.11b zinokuxhuma kwiindawo zokufikelela kwi-802.11g (kodwa ngesantya se-802.11b).
Nge-802.11g, abathengi baye benza inkqubela phambili enkulu kwisantya se-Wi Fi kunye nokugubungela.Okwangoku, xa kuthelekiswa nezizukulwana zangaphambili zeemveliso, iirotha zabathengi ezingenazingcingo ziba ngcono kwaye zingcono, ngamandla aphezulu kunye nokhuseleko olungcono.
802.11n (Wi Fi 4) 2.4/5GHz MIMO
Ngomgangatho we-802.11n, i-WiFi iye yakhawuleza kwaye ithembekile.Ixhasa ugqithiso lwethiyori ephezulu ye-300 Mbps (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-450 Mbps xa usebenzisa ii-eriyali ezintathu).I-802.11n isebenzisa i-MIMO (I-Multiple Input Multiple Output), apho ii-transmitters ezininzi / abamkeli basebenza ngaxeshanye kwelinye okanye zombini iziphelo zekhonkco.Oku kunokunyusa kakhulu idatha ngaphandle kokufuna i-bandwidth ephezulu okanye amandla okuhambisa.I-802.11n inokusebenza kwi-2.4 GHz kunye ne-5 GHz iibhendi zamaza.
802.11ac (Wi Fi 5) 5GHz MU-MIMO
I-802.11ac iphakamisa i-Wi Fi, kunye nesantya esivela kwi-433 Mbps ukuya kwiigigabhithi ezininzi ngesekhondi.Ukufezekisa le ntsebenzo, i-802.11ac isebenza kuphela kwi-band frequency ye-5 GHz, ixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwimijelo esibhozo yendawo (xa kuthelekiswa nemijelo emine ye-802.11n), iphinda kabini ububanzi besiteshi ukuya kwi-80 MHz, kwaye isebenzisa iteknoloji ebizwa ngokuba yi-beamforming.Ngokukhanya, ii-eriyali zinokusasaza imiqondiso kanomathotholo, ngoko zikhomba ngokuthe ngqo izixhobo ezithile.
Enye inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ye-802.11ac nguMsebenzisi oMninzi (MU-MIMO).Nangona i-MIMO isalathisa imijelo emininzi kumxhasi omnye, i-MU-MIMO inokwalathisa ngaxeshanye imijelo yendawo kubathengi abaninzi.Nangona i-MU-MIMO inganyusi isantya sawo nawuphi na umxhasi ngamnye, inokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kuyo yonke inethiwekhi.
Njengoko ubona, ukusebenza kwe-Wi-Fi iyaqhubeka nokuvela, kunye nezantya ezinokubakho kunye nokusebenza kusondela kwizantya ezinocingo
802.11ax Wi Fi 6
Ngo-2018, i-WiFi Alliance yathatha amanyathelo okwenza amagama asemgangathweni we-WiFi abe lula ukuwaqonda nokuwaqonda.Baya kutshintsha umgangatho ozayo we-802.11ax kwi-WiFi6
Wi Fi 6, uphi u-6?
Iimpawu zokusebenza ezininzi ze-Wi-Fi ziquka umgama wothumelo, izinga logqithiso, umthamo wenethiwekhi, kunye nobomi bebhetri.Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye namaxesha, iimfuno zabantu zesantya kunye ne-bandwidth ziya ziba phezulu.
Kukho uthotho lweengxaki kuqhagamshelo lweWi-Fi yemveli, njengokuxinana kwenethiwekhi, ukugubungela okuncinci, kunye nesidingo sokutshintsha rhoqo ii-SSIDs.
Kodwa i-Wi Fi 6 iza kuzisa utshintsho olutsha: ikhulisa amandla okusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukwazi ukugubungela izixhobo, ixhasa abasebenzisi abaninzi ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye inokubonisa ukusebenza okungcono kwiimeko ezinzulu zabasebenzisi, ngelixa izisa umgama omde wothumelo kunye namazinga aphezulu othumelo.
Ngokubanzi, xa kuthelekiswa nabandulelayo, inzuzo ye-Wi Fi 6 "yi-double high and dual low":
Isantya esiphezulu: Siyabonga ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-uplink MU-MIMO, i-modulation ye-1024QAM, kunye ne-8 * 8MIMO, isantya esiphezulu se-Wi Fi 6 sinokufikelela kwi-9.6Gbps, ekuthiwa ifana nesantya sokubetha.
Ukufikelela okuphezulu: Ukuphuculwa okubalulekileyo kwe-Wi Fi 6 kukunciphisa ukuxinana kunye nokuvumela izixhobo ezininzi ukuba zidibanise kwinethiwekhi.Okwangoku, i-Wi-Fi 5 inokunxibelelana nezixhobo ezine ngaxeshanye, ngelixa i-Wi-Fi 6 iya kuvumela unxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ngaxeshanye.I-Wi Fi 6 isebenzisa i-OFDMA (i-Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) kunye ne-multi-channel signal beamforming technologies evela kwi-5G ukuphucula ukusebenza kweSpectral kunye nomthamo womnatha ngokulandelelana.
I-latency ephantsi: Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji efana ne-OFDMA kunye ne-SpatialReuse, i-Wi Fi 6 yenza abasebenzisi abaninzi bakwazi ukuhambisa ngokufana ngaphakathi kwexesha ngalinye, ukuphelisa isidingo sokufola kunye nokulinda, ukunciphisa ukhuphiswano, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka.Ukusuka kwi-30ms ye-Wi Fi 5 ukuya kwi-20ms, kunye nokunciphisa umyinge we-latency we-33%.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi: I-TWT, enye iteknoloji entsha kwi-Wi Fi 6, ivumela i-AP ukuba ixoxisane ngonxibelelwano kunye nee-terminals, ukunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuhanjiswa kunye nokukhangela iimpawu.Oku kuthetha ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri kunye nokuphucula ubomi bebhetri, okukhokelela ekuncipheni kokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-terminal ngama-30%.
Ukususela ngo-2012 |Ukubonelela ngeekhompyuter ezilungiselelwe abathengi behlabathi!
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-12-2023
